Society Meursault Relationship - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1376 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Literature Essay Type Essay any type Level High school Tags: Relationship Essay Did you like this example? Statement of intent: This assignment is based on Albert Camus The Outsider. One of the classic examples of an existentialist novel, The Outsider tells the story of an unremarkable man, living a simple, bachelor existence in Algeria. He is unmoved by his mothers death, and a day after begins a love affair with Marie Cordona. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Society Meursault Relationship" essay for you Create order He soon after becomes involved in a violent murder and is placed on trial. Because of his refusal to lie and give in to societys demands (pretending to feel grief and remorse), he eventually condemns himself and is put to death. In this assignment I wish to convey Marie Cordonas feelings about Meursault and her view of his case. Marie is a simple, uncomplicated girl who enjoys life, appears to fall in love easily, wants to marry Meursault and live a normal life. Though she is slightly shocked when Meursault tells her that his mother died only a day before their meeting at the pool, she does not rethink spending time with him or watching a comedy with him. Like Meursault, Marie takes pleasure in physical contact; she often kisses him and enjoys the act of sex. However, Meursaults affection for Marie is purely physical while her affection for him evokes a deeper sentimental and emotional attachment. At first she doesnt understand Meursaults character and is taken aback by his ind ifference of love: She asked me if I loved her. I told her that it didnt mean anything but that I didnt think so. She looked sad. When Meursault expresses the same attitude towards marriage, again she is confused However, though she may be disappointed, she never considers ending the relationship or does not rethink her desire to marry him and indeed, throughout the novel I believe she starts to gain an acceptance of his behaviour, an understanding perhaps. Her attraction towards him seems, in fact, to stem from the fact that she is intrigued by his persona, his strange behavior seems to be part of his appeal for her She mumbled that I was peculiar, that that was probably why she loved me but that one day I might disgust her for the very same reason. Marie remains loyal to Meursault when he is arrested and put on trial, she visits him in prison and writes him letters and then testifies in his favor during the court case. She remains faithful and hopeful and imagines a life onc e Meursault is let out: she was still smilingshe shouted again, Youll get out and well get married! Marie never expresses appall or anger towards Meursault or his actions, she never doubts that he is an innocent man and that the crime he committed does not reflect his true self: Marie burst into tears and said it wasnt like thatshe knew me and I hadnt done anything wrong However, because Marie stays hopeful throughout, she never reaches the understanding Meursault attains at the end. While Meursault realizes and accepts the indifference of the universe, Marie never understands the redemptive value of abandoning hope, and her hope is therefore shattered when Meursault is eventually put to death. For the purpose of this assignment, it has been imagined that there were some sort of funeral proceedings after Meursaults execution. After all, though his strange behaviour remained a mystery to most that surrounded him, many did not judge him and accepted him as he was, knowing that, despite his actions he was not an evil man, nor did he have a criminal mind. By assuming that there were funeral proceedings, a situation is created where a eulogy from the perspective of one of the people of Meursaults close entourage wouldve been spoken out. Marie, having been intimately involved with him and having been one of those who observed and tried to analyse him, seems to be an appropriate choice for this task. A eulogy should be personal; it shares happy memories, tells anecdotes and describes the persons character. It also aims to express the values that were important to the deceased, highlights accomplishments and career or educational merits. The aim of this assignment is therefore to do this from Maries point of view, about Meursault. The eulogy: I once asked Meursault if he loved me. It doesnt mean anything he replied, but I dont think so. One would naturally feel offended by such a response, and I wasat first. But I soon came to understand that this was Meursault. This was Meursault in his all his splendor and it is for this peculiar nature of his that I believe I was attracted to him, loved him even. I first met Meursault when I was working as a typist in the office where he worked. He had always struck me as handsome young man, charming and somewhat mysterious. We had connected and enjoyed each others company. However it was short lived as I soon found a job elsewhere and left the company. I had not seen him for several months when we bumped into each other at the bathing station at the port It is true that I wouldnt have thought for a single moment that his mother had died only a day earlier; we spent a wonderful afternoon swimming and enjoying the sun together, I was happy, he was happy, and we just felt s o comfortable around each other that we engaged in a relationship that very day. I was slightly taken aback when he told me his mother had died the day before, and it didnt seem natural that he would he take me out to see a Fernandel film after such an event, but I must admit that I had soon forgotten about it. After all we were both just two young people, enjoying an easy life, a life that, for Meursault, in spite of everything had not really changed. So why were we to deprive ourselves? Meursault was an intelligent man, though not ambitious. He valued his simple yet exotic life, over a wealthier career opportunity in Paris. He enjoyed the simple pleasures in life; lazing on the beach, swimming in the sea, going to cinemas It is always something I loved about spending time with him, I always felt carefree, relaxed, beautiful. I could always be myself around him, he never judged or complained. Ill miss our beach excursions, our romantic nights to the cinema, and our playful ad ventures in the sea. Meursault was uninterested in grieving death, proposing marriage, loving even. But he had a passion for something I believe to be much more admirable. Honesty was what I valued most in him. He was an honest man, purely and sometimes painfully, and maybe he did not love me in the conventional sense of the word, but he was in love with something much greater, something our society today seems to value less and less; Meursault was stubbornly yet admirably in love with truth. I still remember visiting him at the prison; I was so full of hope and blind determination that when it would all be over, we would be married, and we would go swimming again, we would enjoy life together. Maybe I thought the jury would be able to see the man he really was, the man I knew, and would spare him. Yes, he did kill a man. Yes, he never showed grief for his mothers death. But he was no murderer. He was a criminal only to our societys rules and codes of conduct. Is it wrong n ot to pretend grief? Not to pretend remorse? Love? In this conventional society yes; pretending and lying would have saved Meursault. But he was true to himself, he refused to be a hypocrite and pretend to emotions he did not feel and for that I believe he cannot be blamed. Unfortunately it is for that reason that he was condemned and that he is no longer here with us today. But I hope that all of you gathered here now, think of him like I do, not as a murderer, not as a criminal, but as a man who, without any heroic pretensions, agreed to give his life for the truth. And for this I believe he deserves our respect and admiration. Meursault, je taime.

The U.s. And Wwi - 1406 Words

Chase Blevins Final Exam Essay The U.S. WWI The Great War, or World War I as it has become known as, changed the world in the way everyone had known it to be up until the war started. In June 1914, a nationalist from Serbia assassinated the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The assassination was the first of many events that led to the beginning of the First World War. The war caused a great change in the American stance in the world; it caused the world power nation to turn into a superpower. With the war came the weapons race. None of the countries involved were quite prepared for the large magnitude the war would cause, and all the guns, ammunition, ships, tanks, uniforms, etc. each nation would need for their troops to survive and to have a chance at winning the war. When the Austro-Hungarian heir was assonated, the nation declared war on Serbia. Serbia was allies with Russia, who in turn declared war on Austria-Hungary. Austria-Hungary was allies with Germany who declared war o n Russia. France who was allies with Russia declared war on Germany. Finally Great Britain decides to declare war, and now, most of the major nations in the western hemisphere are at war, creating the First World War. The United States remained neutral at first, and tried to continue trading with nations on both sides of the war. The war had such a drastic affect on the world economy, that even though the United States was not at war at the time,Show MoreRelatedU.s. Honors Pre Wwi1668 Words   |  7 PagesChandni Rajesh Mr. LeRoy Honors U.S. History (4A) 10/19/15 U.S. Honors Pre-WWI 1. Bismarck s foreign policy was entirely based on preserving his power and Germany’s throughout Europe. After 1870 he was against the idea of expanding Germany and believed that the country was â€Å"satiated.† Instead, Bismarck wanted to keep the peace among European countries rather than engaging in war, therefore keeping Germany safe from attack. He planned to do this through the use of gaining european alliances whichRead MoreThe Gravitational Pull into WWI-U.S Involvement720 Words   |  3 PagesThe threat of economic instability influenced the U.S to get into WW1. The U.S had loaned money to allies in Europe for the three years that the war had been going on. Trade with the Allies had increased from $825 million in 1914 to 3.2 billion in 1916, as trade with Britain went up, trade with Germany and Austria went down to nearly nothing as Document (B)’s graph sufficiently shows. Britain was more than three billion dollars in debt to the U.S. If Britain loses the war; that would mean the economyRead MoreU.s. Honors Pre Wwi Homework1418 Words   |  6 PagesRia Anand Mr. LeRoy US History Honors 4A 23 October 2015 U.S. Honors Pre-WWI Homework 1. 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One of the handguns used during WWI by the United States was the M1917 RevolverRead MoreThe Diversity Of Art Development1689 Words   |  7 Pages† once said Richard Holbrooke, an American diplomat. Many people worldwide agree with Mr. Holbrooke, believing WWI to be a waste of human lives. Known for its ridiculous start fueled by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, its huge impact on numerous countries earned it the title of the Great War. Though many people considered it a pointless war with many negative repercussions, WWI did lead to some positive outcomes, such as its art. Not only were new movements created, but also new styles ofRead MoreWorld War I Was Not Inevitable1681 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said Richard Holbrooke, an American diplomat. Many people worldwide agree with Mr. Holbrooke, believing WWI to be a waste of human lives. Known for its ridiculous start, fueled by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, and its huge impact on numerous countries earned i t the title of the Great War. Though many people considered it pointless and as a war with many negative repercussions, WWI did lead to some positive outcomes, such as its art. Not only were new movements created, but also new stylesRead MoreWar : The War Of American Citizens, And For The Security Of The American Republic1679 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause it gave me a set outlook on the WWI without looking into the details. Because of this, my childhood fantasy view of this war incorrectly led me to assume the simplicity of the contents of the Great War. Furthermore, World War II also overshadowed my interest in WWI and I set to balance out my knowledge of them. I will allude to my young world view throughout the essay because I have changed my views since then with the help of learning history. 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The Practice Of Concrete Repair Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(193) " chief theories pointed by different writers on the subject are the soaking up theories and the mechanical blocking theories \( Emmons et Al, 1994 ; Santos et Al, 2007 ; Maerz et Al, 2001 \) \." Concrete fix can be defined as the act of regenerating, reconstructing, or replacing of any concrete or concrete surfaces after initial arrangement ( Smoak et al, 2002 ) . In general, the demand for concrete fix can originate from different causes which may change from minor concrete holes or cracks- such as ensuing from minor imperfectnesss due to snap-tie holes or she-bolt holes, to major amendss ensuing from external factors or structural failures. In pattern, it is found that the bulk of the defects can be repaired or made good, while in some instances it is frequently found that the rebuilding of the single member or construction is frequently economical ( Allen et al, 2005 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Practice Of Concrete Repair Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is agreed in general that the protection and the fix of the concretes are complex undertakings which requires particular attending and incorporate cognition of different specializer Fieldss. Due to the explosive growing of economic systems around the universe and due to the increased investing in substructures ( particularly in footings of care, Restoration and fix ) in the recent old ages, the fix and protection of concrete constructions has become a major subject of both scientific and economic involvement. As a consequence, the building industry has faced many challenges and demands. Underneath these demands lies the fact that the concrete construction deteriorate over clip at unbearable rates. As such, it is extremely necessary to develop the ways by which the life of the concrete constructions can be increased. There is besides a demand for appropriate tools and techniques to transport out the undertaking of fix and care of the concrete constructions within the limited budgets available. It is besides of import to see the importance of environmental conditions to which the concrete constructions are exposed while sing the tools and techniques employed for the fix of the constructions. The field of concrete fix calls for the integrated cognition ( expertness ) of different scientific Fieldss. The basic thought behind this fact is that the edifices or the concretes are confronting different environmental or external conditions and around the universes, the field pose many challenges to both the academe and the practicians likewise. Added to this, the fact that many edifices have their ain history and nature, it becomes necessary to develop and implement single schemes and solutions for the protection, fix and care of concretes. As a consequence of these complications, different basic schemes and solutions has been developed of the fix of the concrete constructions ( Raupach, cited in Alexander et Al, 2009 ) . This highlights the fact that this country requires knowledge from different Fieldss and that the sphere of the topic is more of interdisciplinary in nature. 2.2.1 The pattern of concrete Repair: There are different criterions to which the pattern of fix of the concrete should be carried out. EN 1504 provides 43 methods to mend and protect the concrete constructions which are based on 11 different rules. However, it is by and large recommended that the interior decorator can take the appropriate solution depending on different conditions like the economical and proficient considerations ( Alexander et al, 2009 ) . It has besides been recommended in the old surveies that while choosing the optimum methods for different state of affairss, the interior decorator should look into in item the particular inquiries such as the needed degree of care, lastingness, and the sustainability ( ibid ) . Many writers have based their plants on the subject of concrete fixs ( Wall and Shrive, 1998 ; Kuhlmann, 1990 ; Plum, 1990, etc ) . Though there are many methods or criterions sing the concrete fixs, it can besides be noted that there is no standard design specification for the fix of the concretes. It can be argued from an beginning that a proper apprehension of why the spots fail could perchance cut down the figure of failures. However, due to the absence of standard design process for the fix of the concretes and the deficiency of apprehension, many research workers have now concentrated their attempts towards understanding the lastingness of fix spots. 2.3 Adhesion between the concretes: In the field of concrete research, the adhesion between the concrete is one among the largely researched subjects. This has been argued to be an of import facet that influences the lastingness and the dependability of the spot up or the fix works ( Czarnecki et al, 2007 ) . In general, adhesion which can be considered as a basic issue in the fix of the concretes can be defined as the attachment of two stuffs in contact ( Czarnecki, cited in Alexander, M. G. , et Al, 2009 ) . The EN 1504-10 criterions ( European Standards ) used the term ‘bond ‘ to bespeak the adhesion that takes topographic point between the old concrete and the new concrete. As such, it is an of import factor that can besides find the effectivity of the fix. Fiebrich ( 1994 ) divided the adhesion mechanisms into three types ; mechanical interaction, chemical bonding and thermodynamic mechanisms. The European Standards, EN 1504 provides two ways of look of the formulated bond degree consequences of the adhesion ( Czarnecki, cited in Alexander, M. G. , et Al, 2009 ) . Threshold value in MPa ; towards structural fix ( EN 1504-3 ) : gt ; 2,0MPa ( Class R4 ) , gt ; 1,5 MPa ( Class R3 ) ; Pass/fail standards towards structural bonding ( EN1504-4 ) e.g. hardened concrete-to-hardened concrete or fresh concrete-to-hardened concrete: the trial shall ensue in break in the concrete. Once the bond is formed between the concretes, the bond can so be said to be effectual merely if the freshly formed bond ensures an even distribution of the emphasiss and an effectual transportation of burden without failure. Specifically, it has been found that the addition in adhesion, consequences in higher tolerance on non-compatibility belongings of both the old concrete and the new covering stuff ( Czarnecki et al, 2007 ) . 2.4 Factors impacting Adhesion: There are many basic theories on adhesion that describe the mechanisms of the attachment between the old concrete and the new sheathing stuff. The chief theories pointed by different writers on the subject are the soaking up theories and the mechanical blocking theories ( Emmons et Al, 1994 ; Santos et Al, 2007 ; Maerz et Al, 2001 ) . You read "The Practice Of Concrete Repair Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Briefly, in the first theory associating to the thermodynamic surface assimilation the intermolecular forces or the Van der waal forces, the chemical linkage through the interface and the H affair increases the bond between the old and the new concrete. The 2nd theory of mechanical blocking can be broken down at two degrees foremost macroscopic in which the raggedness of surface creates mechanical blockings between sheathing and concrete and secondly at microscopic degree, the surface porousness at the interface substrate, comparable to a micro-roughness , facilitates grounding by tangle of hydrates, Bouksani et Al ( 2010 ) . Czarnecki ( 2009 ) in his research about the adhesive facets of the concrete bonds gave a important decision. He concluded that there are many factors impacting the adhesive strengths. These included: The belongingss of the fix stuffs: this included, viscousness, shrinking during puting, surface tenseness, weirdo, etc. Old concrete ( concrete substrate ) : strength of the stuff, presence of drosss, clefts present on the surface and the micro clefts, porousness of the stuff, the raggedness of the surface, etc, . The consequence of the environment: the degree of temperature- the alteration and the rate of alteration, presence of moisture- humidness degree and the alteration of humidness degree, the phenomenon of transportation- suction due to capillary consequence, the loading-mechanical burden, ageing, consequence of corrosion etc, . All these factors mentioned supra could act upon the bond between the concretes. Many of the factors could increase the bonds between the concretes but, in most of the instances, these grounds cause devastation in concrete bonds. Due to these grounds, it is obvious there is still a demand for the High Adhesive Repair Materials to be used in the fix patterns in order to turn to these issues. It has been identified that adhesion will depend on many factors. These are chiefly due to the phenomena that take topographic point at the interface country of the concretes ( Slater, 2001 ) . The chief phenomena includes, raggedness of the stuff surface, presence of wet on the surface, the humidness degrees of the external environment, external burden, wetability of the surface, the belongingss or the influence of the linear stuffs, etc, . The importance of surface raggedness, wet status and bring arounding status is frequently highlighted in many researches. It has been said that the first measure in fix or the care of the concrete after taking the method is to fix the surface of the bing concrete on to which the concrete is to be laid. This may include the remotion of the bing deteriorated concrete bed so that this can be replaced by the new stuff. The strength will depend on the grade of attachment of the new stuff on to the bing stuff. However, the influence of the raggedness and the wet of the surface besides contribute to the overall bond between the old and the new concrete. Therefore, it is really of import to guarantee that the wet and the roughness quality of the surface is achieved to the needed degree before the new concrete is laid on to the bing concrete ( Courard, 2000 ) . The difference in the consequence of the researches carried out by different research workers could be observed on ; the status under which the hardening is carried out ; the humidness status ; the bonding agents used in the experiment ; the temperature at which the trial is carried out ; the age of the specimen ; the type of the trial employed ; the design/setup of the specimen, etc. To this point, Julio et Al ( 2004 ) argued the importance of different trial parametric quantities to be considered while comparing the consequences. They noted that these differences produced contradictory consequences and as such, there is no consensus in the findings. Therefore it is by and large agreed that the comparing of findings appear to be hard. But, to acquire an overview of the current cognition and substantial findings some of the major factors that affect the adhesion between concretes are discussed below. 2.4.1 A individual survey sing assorted factors: Wall et Al ( 1988 ) investigated the factors impacting the bond between the old and the new concrete in concrete fixs. The experiment was carried out to research the effects on the bonds based on different parametric quantities. These parametric quantities included the thickness of the bed of the bonds, the ratio of the cement and H2O used in fixing the howitzer, the influence of different conditions under which the hardening procedure was carried out, the influence of wetting the surface of the old concrete onto which the new concrete is laid, the influence of the hold between blending the copolymer PVA bonding agent and its application to the old concrete. The major difference that can be noted from the survey carried out by Wall et Al ( 1988 ) and other researches is the difference in the bonding strength of the specimens incorporating the Portland cement to the specimens that contained Copolymer PVA agents. It was observed in their survey that the specimens that contained Portland cement howitzer were stronger than the PVA agent 1s. Major differences were besides found in the trials associating to the thickness of the new concrete bed or the repair stuff applied to the older concretes. It was found that the strength increased when the thickness reduced ( 1/8 in and 3/16 in proved stronger than the 1/4 in bed ) . However, the writers do non give farther account sing this phenomenon. Notably, the research did non supply clear account about the affect of cement to H2O ratio. The compressive strengths for different H2O to cement ratios were found to be different. Ultimate compressive emphasis for a H2O cement ratio of 0.32 was found to be lower ( 1870 pounds per square inch lower ) than the one which had a H2O cement ratio of 0.40 by this observation, Wall et Al ( 1988 ) concluded that the bond strength between the two concretes decreased as the H2O cement ratio besides decreased. One another determination was about the surface status of the substrate concrete before the application of the new bed. It was found that the pre-wetting of the substrate before the application of the new bed resulted in bettering the strength of the bond. In instances when the PVA bonding agents dried before the application of the fix stuff to the surface, it was found that the compressive strength of the bonds decreased by 10 % . However, it was besides found that the howitzers with PVA modified cements produced higher bond strength. One other of import facet found was the influence of the bring arounding status on the strength of the bonds. Different specimens were cured under different hardening conditions. It was found to impact the ultimate strength. Though it was found that the specimens that were cured under high humidness conditions ( 100 % ) had greater strengths than the 1s cured in less humid conditions, the differences were non considerable. Hence it was concluded that the grade of influence was little when sing other parametric quantities. 2.3.2 Influence of Material for the Repair: Though there are many methods that can be followed while mending the concretes, it is advised that proper attention should besides be taken while sing the fix stuff. Once these have been selected, the following of import measure is to clearly understand the conditions that the concrete will see over its life. Some of the cardinal factors are the conditions conditions, chemical exposures, the scope of temperature, the magnitude of the burden and the continuance to which the concrete is exposed to the burden, the nature of the spot ( aesthetic or structural ) , etc. It is of import to see these facts because different researches in to the field of the concretes have shown that the public presentation of the spot stuff varies under different conditions. It can be argued that proper attention should be taken while choosing the spot stuffs by giving proper consideration to the stuff belongingss of the substrate concrete and the old concrete and the conditions to which the concrete will be exposed over its life. It could be recommended that the stuffs with different belongingss could be selected merely if the bond strengths are non affected and further it does non do any lastingness jobs ( Wipf et al, 2004 ) . However, it is critical to guarantee that the internal emphasiss do non transcend the tensile emphasiss of the substrate ( Wipf et al, 2004 ) . Influence of Adulthood: The bond between the substrate and the new concrete has besides been linked with the adulthood of the sheathing. This was pointed by Delatte et Al ( 2000 ) . To lucubrate over this subject, they linked the adulthood of the sheathing to the bond strength, which in bend was related to the overall strength of the stuff ( interface ) . It was concluded in their research that the early- age strength of the concrete had important consequence on the bond strength and the tensile strength of the stuff. These groups of researches have besides highlighted that sheathing or the interface as one of the major zones of the break. Therefore, harmonizing to Beushausen and Alexander ( 2008 ) , mechanisms of bond failures in relation to the parametric quantities of stuff and the location of failure will necessitate farther research. 2.3.3 Influence of Test Method: It has been argued in the old diaries that the quality of the bond strength can be influenced by a scope of parametric quantities associating to the stuff and the conditions of the environment ( Alexander and Beushausen, 2008 ) . Another of import factor is the trial method used. There are assorted test methods proposed to measure bond belongingss and public presentation of fix stuffs in general. They include the tensile bond, slant-shear, twist-off, flexural and patch trial etc. , However each trial is influenced by different combinations of factors and can non give entirely a full image ( Austin et al,1999 ) . For case, Momayez et Al ( 2005 ) reported in their survey that in few instances bond strength from some trials were upto eight times higher than those obtained from other type of trials. Additionally, it is of import to observe that the mechanical adhesion in tenseness varies well from that in shear ( Alexander and Beushausen, 2008 ) . Therefore, it can be argued that the positions of different writers ‘ will besides depend on the pick of the methods used in finding the bond strength. 2.3.4 Condition of the surface of the interface: The bond strength besides depends on the general status of the surface like cleanliness. There is besides particular industry criterions to which the cleansing and preparing of the concrete surface should be carried out before the fix is carried out ( Charles and Scott, 1997 ) . In add-ons to these criterions, there are besides many standard recommendations provided by different makers of the fix material merchandises. The more normally known industry criterions are: ASTM D 4258 Surface Cleaning Concrete for Coating ; ASTM D 4259 Abrading Concrete ; ASTM Standards for Cleaning, Surface Preparation, and Testing ; ASTM D 4285 Indicating Oil of Water in Compressed Air, etc. One of the major points to be considered while cleaning the surface is the presence of the surface contaminations. This can be in the signifier of liquids or solids. There is a possible menace that these contaminations could jobs for the application of the stuff, hardening, adhesion or other things which are critical for organizing the bond between the two concrete beds ( Wipf et al, 2004 ) . It is noted that the presence of dust and unsound concretes are besides a major barrier for organizing a strong bond between concretes. It is recommended that the usage of the doodly-squat cock be avoided when covering with the damaged concretes. Alternatively, the usage of the chisel and cock can guarantee that the structural belongingss of the concretes are non affected ( Ibid ) . 2.3.5 Influence of Roughness: The influence of the raggedness to the bond strength between the concretes has been argued by many writers. It has been argued in the old surveies that the add-on of the ordinary concrete on to the interface that is unsmooth green goods better consequences than the 1 that was laid on to the smooth interface ( Garbacz et al, 2006 ) . These findings are similar to the 1s investigated by other writers excessively. Matana et Al ( 2005 ) identified in their research that the bonds between the concretes provided good bond strength when the stuff had unsmooth interface. Similar consequences were besides given by Courard ( 2006 ) . Roughness of the substrate surface is frequently presented as the most of import factor to accomplish a good bond. This betterment is chiefly assigned to the addition of the contact surface ( Talbot et al 94, Santos et al 07 ) . On the other manus through the survey done by Perez et Al ( 2009 ) , while analyzing about the correlativity between the raggedness of substrate surface and debonding hazard, they interpreted by their consequences that increasing of raggedness does non heighten the bond strength. The argument over the influence of raggedness is still an on-going issue and as such, the consequence of the raggedness of the concrete surface over adhesion procedure is non really clear ( Austin et al, 1995 ; Czarnecki, et Al, 2003 ) . Some research workers have argued that there is influence of surface sums on the degree of adhesion that take topographic point at the interface. A seeable sum of ratios between 30 to forty per centums provided better consequences ( Fiebrich, 1994 ) . Fukuzawa et Al ( 2001 ) , argued the being of correlativity between roughness parametric quantities of the material surface and the adhesion strength. Though the raggedness of the stuff is an of import factor, some writers ( Silfwerbrand, 1990 ) have besides pointed the affect of micro clefts that are produced on the surface of the concrete when the surface is treated by different methods to accomplish the raggedness. These sorts of micro clefts are found to deteriorate the quality of the bonds that is formed between the concretes ( Garbacz et al, 2005 ) . 2.3.6 Influence of wet: With respects to the presence of wet, recent surveies provide a better apprehension to the subject of influence of the wet on the strength of the bond. Bouksani et Al ( 2010 ) , in their survey on the influence of the raggedness and wet of the substrate surface on the bond between the old and the new concrete, suggest that the incursion of the sheathing stuff into the substrate concrete is chiefly dependent on quality readying of the substrate surface. They besides suggested that the surface of the substrate should be saturated with dry surface- which means that the surface of the substrate is non stagnated with H2O, so that it ensures that a good micro raggedness and a better thermodynamic surface assimilation is achieved. They suggest that the stagnancy of the H2O on the substrate surface can forestall the pores from absorbing the sheathing stuff which can ensue in a weak adhesion procedure. The overall consequence of over stagnancy is that, it will stand as a barrier in the interface zone cut downing the attachment procedure. On the other manus if the substrate stuff surface is dry with really low wet or no wet, this will ensue in the interface absorbing more H2O from the freshly laid stuff. Such a procedure will besides cut down the overall adhesion procedure as this could ensue in higher opportunity of uncomplete hydration of the cement. Therefore, it can be concluded that the wet needs to be present merely to a optimal degree. Excessively much wet or excessively small presence of wet will ensue in a weak adhesion procedure. Similarly, Xu ( 1999 ) besides studied bond strength utilizing oven dry, air dry and concentrated surface dry status of substrate. He reported that prewetting the surface of concrete substrate reduced the bond strength of the specimens used in his experiment from 0.64 to 0.12 MPa However, Saucier and Pigeon ( 1991 ) did n’t happen any noteworthy difference between the bond strength of lab dried surface and pre-wetted surfaces in slant shear trial. In another survey, Austin et Al. ( 1995 ) did work on happening bond strength utilizing substrates with concentrated surface prohibitionist, saturated surface moisture and air dry wet conditions. They besides reported no important difference in bond strengths ( about 2.77 to 2.98 MPa ) due to the different wet status of substrate. 2.3.7 Influence of Bring arounding Condition: There are a few researches carried out refering the affect of bring arounding status on the shear bond strength. Yee and Ibrahim ( 2010 ) in their survey on shear capacity of precast slabs investigated the difference in consequences for H2O cured samples and air cured samples. The consequences they got were changing with similar raggedness feature of surface but different bring arounding status. For case, a unsmooth surface produced higher shear capacity than a smooth one in air cured status whereas a smooth surface produced 16 to 18 % higher shear capacity in H2O cured conditions. Another noteworthy point was the influence of bring arounding status on the interface strength which was highly variable, as such it decreased by 30 % in smooth and unsmooth surface in H2O cured status where as for the air cured status it increased by 40 % between smooth and unsmooth surface. 2.3.6 Influence of Bond Coat: It is common that some external agents are used in the mix to accomplish a higher degree of adhesion. Many writers have different sentiment sing this, chiefly the bond coats like polymer complexs. Some writers ( Silfwerbrand, 1998 ) argue that the bond coats can ensue in creative activity of an excess plane of failing. As a consequence, it has been advised to avoid the bond coats. Further, the bond coats could besides take to the decrease of the meshing consequence ensuing in an overall negative consequence ( Garbacz et al, 2005 ) . On the other manus these statements have been questioned by some other writers. Interestingly, harmonizing to some other writers ( Austin et al, 1995 ; Pretorius and Kruger, 2001 ) , the presence of the bond coats could increase the adhesion procedure between the two concretes. To this point, Garbacz et Al ( 2005 ) conducted a survey to look into the influence of surface intervention of the concretes on the adhesion mechanism between the concrete beds. Different surface intervention methods were used in order to accomplish different qualities of surface on the concrete stuff surface. Additionally, a fix howitzer with coat was applied to the old concrete and the adhesion was measured. The consequences showed that, in the instance of the sheathings applied without the bond coats, the adhesion procedure was influenced by the raggedness of the concrete substrate. Form this, it was concluded that the good bond strength belongingss can be achieved from the howitzer ( repair howitzer ) and the bond coat belongingss. It was further concluded that the belongingss of the bond coats and the howitzer helped in bridging the micro clefts and concrete pieces, and besides filled the surface abnormalities. Therefore, it can be concluded on the recent plants on influence of the surface on the adhesion between the surfaces the roughness status of the surface can be regarded as one of the contributing or act uponing factor in the fix of the concretes. From these treatments on the different factors impacting the bond it can be concluded that the consequences are non ever in consensus and there is still need for surveies to be carried out in this country for deriving farther penetration of the existent behavior of bond with regard to alterations in factors impacting it. 2.4 Surface Roughening Technique: There are different ways in which the surface of the stuffs can be prepared to accomplish different raggedness conditions. However, the chief purpose of executing the surface intervention on the substrate is to the brand sure that the unwanted beds that might cut down the adhesion procedure are removed before the new beds of concretes are laid on to the surface. In add-on, this besides ensures that the entire country of surface contact is increased to the maximal degree. The forms and feelings achieved on the surface will depend upon the energy applied and chosen techniques. Roughening Techniques which does non deteriorate the mechanical unity of the substrate stuff must be used. It is of import to see the local status of the concrete under consideration. Consequently, common techniques like chisel and cocks, sandblasting, hydro-jetting, needle gunning, crunching or milling, hammering etc, may be used ( Garbacz et al, 2005 ) . 2.4.2 Measurement of Roughness: The raggedness is by and large assessed qualitatively. But, placing the fact that this sort of raggedness rating leads to subjectiveness of consequences, there have been some efforts made to quantify the raggedness. For, case mechanical profilometry was used to distinguish polished and sandblasted concrete surfaces ( Courard 1998, Courard and Nelis 2003 A ; Courard and Garbacz 2004 ) . Due to some defects of this procedure like viability with lone short surfaces etc. , another method of optical analysis was developed ( Perez et al 2003 ) in order to analyze big surfaces. Subsequently on, these two above mentioned techniques were compared by Courard et Al ( 2006 ) and they concluded that with the combination of these two methods it is possible to acquire a really good description of â€Å" raggedness † at all graduated tables. They besides pointed out some restrictions of these methods sing the form of stylus which would do it impossible to take measurings on really unsmooth s urfaces and other restrictions being really clip devouring etc. , In another survey by Courard et Al ( 2004 ) a point which is concluded is that a parametric quantity Xa which is the arithmetic mean of the going of the raggedness profile from the average line is the major discriminating parametric quantity for the comparing of surface readying techniques. In a new method for measuring the surface raggedness Abu Tair et Al ( 2000 ) , studied five different sorts of raggedness including needle gunning. They used a different attack for quantifying the raggedness by associating the sum of raggedness to Roughness Gradient of the raggedness profile obtained. They concluded that the raggedness gradient parametric quantity can give a proper indicant of the chapped surfaces. In this survey an effort is made to happen out a similar sort of parametric quantity to which the sum of raggedness can be related and the chapped surfaces can appropriately be categorized. How to cite The Practice Of Concrete Repair Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Motivating Contingency Leadership Model †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Motivating Contingency Leadership Model. Answer: Introduction: Raphael applies a combination of legitimate political and rewards power to lead his team of subordinates. The case study shows that he projected the targets achieved by his subordinates to gain recognition before the senior managers and the apex management. He did not consider it illegitimate to use the performances of his followers to gain his own recognition. However, it can be pointed out that he used his power unethically to gain more recognitions and rewards. It can be pointed out that these rewards and promotions would once again increase his power to project the performances of his followers to gain further promotions. Thus, Raphael used legitimate political power and rewards power to lead his team and take credit of its performances for his own professional benefits like promotion (Keskes 2014). Barry should complain against the unethical practices of Raphael to exploit the performances of his team members to obtain his own professional development. He should complain to his skip level managers and the apex management about this unethical practices of Raphael. He should substantiate his complaints using statistical figures which would prove his high level performances before the senior management. He should also point out the devastating impacts of Raphaels immoral activities on the motivation, morale and performances of the juniors. These strong evidences against Raphael would enable the apex management takes steps against him (Flin et al. 2013). Politicking is the appropriate method, which Barry can use to highlight his own high performances before the apex management and his skip level manager. He can use five political ways to retaliate the unethical practices of Raphael. First, he can approach Raphael directly and speak to him about the unjust practices the latter is practicing. The case study show that Raphael and Barry were once peers and enjoyed great professional relationship. Barry can point out to Raphael that the practice of taking credit of his performances by the latter is having devastating impact on his motivation and hampering their career growth. If Raphael does not cooperate with Barry and uses his power to subdue him, Barry must use the second strategy of asserting his performances before the apex management and his skip level boss. He should support his claim of legitimacy of promotion to higher posts on the grounds of his high performances (Getha-Taylor et al. 2015). The third step would be forming coalit ion with other employees but it is not very prudent as Raphael might come know of his stances. This may give him scope to counteract Barry legitimate claims using his superior position in the organisation. The fourth approach, which Barry can take, is to appear indispensible before the management using his superior performances. The last step, which Barry can take, is to obtain support the apex management, skip level boss and gain the permission to report directly to them. He might also gain the permission to join a different team (Carter et al. 2013). Thus, Barry can approach the apex management, appear indispensible, claim his legitimate right to take advantage of his high performances and gain the support of the management. Excessive whining and complaining against the seniors reveal the insecure position and the acute performance lack in employees. However, there are also other ways, which employees can take to complain against injustices. They can approach their skip level managers and bosses to complain against unfair treatments in the hands of their seniors. However, they must support their claims with strong evidences. This will make them claim appear legitimate and substantial thus enabling the management to take actions to deal with the matter (Namasivayam, Guchait and Lei 2014). Barry can avoid being a whiner by substantiating his claims with statistics and figures proving his performances. This will allow the apex management and the skip level mangers to look into his matter. This will allow them to take legitimate actions to ensure that Barry gets due crefit for his performances and is not exploited by Raphael. This procedure of supporting his claims with proofs will help Barry to make his claim appear legitimate and not like whining (Dinh et al. 2014). Barry should look for another job if the apex management is not able to give positive outcomes and take steps against Raphael. He should first approach Raphael and explain him the harmful effect his exploitative actions are having on his team members including himself(Barry). If his attempts to reconcile things with Raphael fail, he should approach the management to take actions against Raphael. He must substantiate his claim with figures proving his high level of performances. If the management fails to come up with a solution to the problem, then Barry must change his job. However, if the management succeeds in taking up steps against Raphael, he must not change his job (Thompson and Glas 2015). Situational leadership model: The situatiaonal leadership model is a leadership model developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. The chart below shows situational leadership style stresses on both the attributes of the followers and the leadership styles the leaders can take to ensure these four classes of followers achieve their performance parameters. The four types of subordinates are low motivation and low task skills, high motivation and low task skills, low motivation and task skills and high motivation and high task skills. The theory also states the specific actions the leaders can apply in the case of these four readiness levels (McCleskey 2014). Readiness level(of followers) Leadership styles R1 Low motivation and low task skills S1 Telling R2 High motivation and low task skills S2 Selling R3 Low motivation and task skills S3 Participating R4 High motivation and high task skills S4 Delegating Figure 1. Situational Leadership model (Source: Author) The first group of subordinates consist of employees with low motivational level and low task skills. These employees lack the professional experience and skills to achieve high level of professional performances. They lack motivation, which impedes them to acquiring new skills to improve their skills and efficiency. The leader in this case has to assume the telling style. He commands and gives specific instructions to the followers belonging to the low motivation and low task skill category (Sethuraman and Suresh 2014). The second category of employees fall under high motivation and low task skills. This category of employees has high level of motivation but lack the required skills and expertise. The heads of the departments in order to deal with these employees have to follow the selling style. The departmental heads, while leading subordinates, similar to telling style, issue commands and clear directions to them. However, in case of high motivation and low task skill group, the leaders interact more with their subordinates of this category compared to the first category. There are smooth exchanges of information between the superiors and the subordinates. The followers here are motivated and readily cooperate with the leaders if trained. The leaders offer training and mentoring to this group of employees to improve their efficiency (Khuong and Hoang 2015). The third group of employees consist of employees having high task skills and low level of motivation. These employees have experience but lack the motivation to achieve high-level f performances. This lack of motivation stems from several factors like lack of self-esteem, lack of participative environment within their departments and weak organisational culture. The leaders in order to deal with these employees lack motivation in spite of having skills encourage them to participate in making strategies to achieve the assigned targets (Berg et al. 2016). The leaders here create a positive organisational culture and environment, which stimulates the employees to collaborate readily. They value relationships among the team members and themselves. Participating in making strategies encourage higher self-esteem among the employees which boosts their motivation. As a result, they start performing well which ultimately boosts the team performances (Hogan and Coote 2014). The fourth category of staff consists of employees having high level of task skills and high level of motivation. This category of employees is the most efficient among the four groups. They are highly motivated to perform and take up new responsibilities. Leaders apply delegating method while leading this category of workers. As a result, the leaders vest many responsibilities in the employees having high level of motivation and job skills. It can also be pointed out that employees having high level of efficiency and motivation usually have more chances of availing promotions. They as a result experience high level of job satisfaction and career development (Carlos Pinho, Paula Rodrigues and Dibb 2014). It can also be pointed out that employees having high level of skill and motivation contribute largely to the performance enhancement of their teams. As a result the leaders interact a lot with this group of followers and there is a high degree of collaboration between them once agai n, leading to high departmental or group performances. Application of situational leadership in the case of Barry: The case study of Barry reveals that he has a new team and can apply situational leadership theory to lead it. It already says Barry has a new team and it can be assumed that the new team would consist of employees having various levels of skills and motivation. Since the team is new, it can be further assumed that the team would have inexperienced employees, some who have low level of motivation and others who lack it (Chatman et al. 2014). The team would also have the second category of employees with high motivation with low knowledge and skills. There would also be third category of employees having low motivation and high skills. The fourth group consists of employees having high level of experience, knowledge and motivation. It can be pointed out that the team of Barry would have both senior and junior employees. However, being a new team it is likely to have more junior employees and less experienced employees compared to highly efficient and motivated employees. This combination of members in the new team under Barry show that it can led by applying situational leadership style (Wang, Noe and Wang 2014). Barry can use telling leadership skills to tackle the first group of employees containing low level of knowledge, experience and motivation. He should direct the inexperienced employees who are most probably newly hired employees. He should issue them clear instructions and guide them while they perform their duties (Keskes 2014). Flinx et al.(2013) further points out that the leader require to supervise and monitor the performances of these employees. The improvement in the performance of the employees would point out the outcome of the telling leadership style. Getha-Taylor et al.(2015) further points out that these employees with low skills can be trained to improve their performances. Barry can offer training to these low skilled employees to enhance their efficiency. This training would result in enhancement in the work standards of the employees, which would in turn boost their motivation. The employees after post training would be able to fulfil their job responsibilities bett er which would boost their confidence, efficiency and competencies. This would allow them to shift to the second category of workers having newly acquired skills but high level of motivation due to acquisition of new knowledge (Huang et al. 2014). The next group of employees having newly acquired skills and high level of motivation would require Barry to use selling leadership style. This would involve Barry using his authority to direct and guide his juniors. These junior employees would still require training to enhance their skills and capabilities. However, the selling style differs from the telling styles. In case of telling style the employees lack both motivation and skill. Hence, the manager has to direct the employees and there is almost no interaction between the leader and the follower. The workers are motivated to work and improve their performance, which makes the manager interact with them more compared to the telling style. The third category of employees consists of senior and experienced employees lacking motivation, which would require Barry to use participating leadership style. According to Carter et al.(2013), the experienced employees play important roles like advising the team leaders and motivating the juniors in the team. However, lack of employee empowerment under Raphael and his taking credit for the high performances of the team led to low level of motivation among the senior employees. Barry can apply participating style of leadership so that they feel important. Namasivayam, Guchait and Lei (2014) state that empowerment of employees increases self esteem and motivation among senior employees. They participate more actively in the strategy making which ultimately enhance the performance of the team. The fourth category consists of workers having level of skills and motivation, which would require Barry to use delegating style of leadership. These types of employees are high performers in whom Barry can vest crucial job responsibility. The above discussion clearly shows that Barry can use situational leadership style of to manage his new team. This is because the theory recognises the four types of followers adn assigns a style of leadership appropriate to lead each type of follower. The subordinates having low scale of motivation and skill can be dealt with using telling leadership style. Barry can use selling style of leadership to lead subordinates having low skill but acquired motivation. He can use participation style to manage employees having high skill but low motivation. He can finally use delegation style of leadership to manage high performing workers having high rate of motivation (Huang et al. 2014). Barry can use the situational leadership theory of contingency to manage his new team. The theory recognises four types of subordinates in professional teams and assigns four different leadership styles to lead these four types of subordinates. The first type consists of employees mostly newly hired having low scale of motivation and knowledge. Barry can manage these followers using the telling leadership style by ordering them and giving them clear directions. The second sort of followers is motivated but lack knowledge and experience. Barry can lead this sort of subordinates using the selling style where he other than ordering the employees also encourages them to participate in the team planning. Barry can use the third group of employees lacking motivation in spite of having knowledge by encouraging them to participate more proactively in team planning. This would create a sense of importance and self esteem among these employees and they would be motivated to contribute towards team performance. The fourth group of employees consists of experienced, efficient and motivated employees. Barry should not intervene in their work. He should instead delegate them more power and promote them to higher offices to bring about their career growth. He should aim at retaining them by giving them benefits like salary hikes, perks and flexible timing facilities (Sethuraman and Suresh 2014). Barry should use motivational tactics to manage the first three groups of employees to retain and develop their quality. He should train them to improve their skills and motivate them. He should mentor them and provide them with conductive working environment to improve their efficiency. This will ensure that Barry manages his team well and achieves high level of performance. This high level of team performance would bring the managerial qualities of Barry in light before the apex management. It would also pave ways for his further promotion (Carlos Pinho, Paula Rodrigues and Dibb 2014). References: Berg, M.E., Berg, M.E., Karlsen, J.T. and Karlsen, J.T., 2016. A study of coaching leadership style practice in projects.Management Research Review,39(9), pp.1122-1142. Carlos Pinho, J., Paula Rodrigues, A. and Dibb, S., 2014. The role of corporate culture, market orientation and organisational commitment in organisational performance: the case of non-profit organisations.Journal of Management Development,33(4), pp.374-398. Carter, M.Z., Armenakis, A.A., Feild, H.S. and Mossholder, K.W., 2013. Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(7), pp.942-958. 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The influence of leader empowering behaviors and employee psychological empowerment on customer satisfaction.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(1), pp.69-84. Sethuraman, K. and Suresh, J., 2014. Effective leadership styles.International Business Research,7(9), p.165. Thompson, G. and Glas, L., 2015. Situational leadership theory: a test from three perspectives.Leadership Organization Development Journal,36(5), pp.527-544. Wang, S., Noe, R.A. and Wang, Z.M., 2014. Motivating knowledge sharing in knowledge management systems: A quasifield experiment.Journal of Management,40(4), pp.978-1009.